Sources for images used in lectures

Lecture 1 (Jan. 17; Why study evolution?)

• Map of Four Corners Region: https://maps.google.com
• Negative-strand RNA virus tree: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative-strand_RNA_virus
• Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus): Yates et al. 2002
• Sin Nombre virus particles: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sin_Nombre_virus_Hanta_TEM_1137_lores.jpg
• Peacock Flounder (Bothus mancus): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camouflage
• Common Baron Caterpillar (Euthalia aconthea): https://www.flickr.com/photos/wohinauswandern/4146066451/
• Satanic Leaf-tailed Gecko (Uroplatus phantasticus): https://allthatsinteresting.com/animal-camouflage-pictures
• Venus’ Flower Basket (Euplectella aspergillium): https://phys.org/news/2020-09-marine-sponges-skyscrapers-bridges.html
• Blue Whale (Balaenoptera musculus) morphology and Sperm Whale (Physeter macrocephalus) skeleton: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whale
• Animal and Plant cell structure: https://www.worldatlas.com/feature/what-are-the-differences-between-plant-cells-and-animal-cells.html
• Human hands, two with hemochromatosis: https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/blood-disorders/iron-overload/hemochromatosis
• Michele Serre painting: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Plague_of_Marseille

Lecture 2 (Jan. 19; Phylogenies and tree thinking)

• Scriptorum monk at work: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Scriptorium-monk-at-work.jpg
• Euripides: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euripides
• Haekle’s tree: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tree_of_life_by_Haeckel.jpg
• Darwin’s tree: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_of_life_(biology)
• Cactus-euphorb tree: https://crazycrittersinc.com/succulent-plant-evolution/
• Puffer fish: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetraodontidae
• Poison dart frog: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poison_dart_frog
• Fake human face: http://faceresearch.org/
• Turtle: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turtle]((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turtle)
• Penguin: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguin
• Unrooted tree of life: Vargas and Zardoya 2014 (p. 12)

Lecture 3 (Jan. 24; How phylogenies are made)

• Amniote tree: Fig. 17.24 in Futuyma and Kirkpatrick 2017
• Cactus: Paul Lewis, Joshua Tree National Park
• Euphorbia (Euphorbia ingens): https://succulentalley.com/euphorbia-ingens-cowboy-cactus-plant/
• Ghost Pipes (Monotropa uniflora): Paul Lewis, Willington, CT
• Milk Snake (Lampropeltis triangulum syspila): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk_snake

Lecture 4 (Jan. 26; Natural selection)

• ATPase illustration: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Atpsynthase_nobelfoundation.jpg (this figure has been deleted, but a similar one exists at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATP_synthase_alpha/beta_subunits#/media/File:ATPsynthase.jpg)
• ATPase molecular structure: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Atp_synthase.png
• Tree of life figure: Fig 1.5a in Graham, Graham, and Wilcox. 2006. Plant Biology 2nd ed. Pearson.
• Boston marathon runners: https://www.runnersworld.com/races-places/a33917345/boston-marathon-2021-registration-postponed/

Lecture 5 (Jan. 31; Quantitative trait evolution)

• Mycelis muralis: https://gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org/species/mycelis/muralis/

Lecture 6 (Feb. 2; Quantitative trait evolution)

• Darwin in 1840: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/Charles_Darwin_by_G._Richmond.jpg
• Darwin in 1880: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Charles_Darwin_1880.jpg
• Wallace in 1862: https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=372562:
• Wallace in 1895: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace
• HMS Beagle in painting: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Voyage_of_the_Beagle
• Route of the Beagle: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_voyage_of_HMS_Beagle
• Darwin’s finches: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwin%27s_finches
• Daphne Major: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daphne_Major
• Tribulus cistoides: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tribulus_cistoides
• The Grants: https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1108575108
• Geospiza magnirostris vs. G. fortis: https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=3918303
• Cactus in Joshua Tree National Park: Paul O. Lewis
• bat with spread wings: https://newatlas.com/bat-membrane-mav-wings/41906/
• Scenedesmus: http://img.algaebase.org/images/5F94D4EA04fbd31D72MMi2394E6E/geSB6Ngy87ke.jpg
• Daphnia: https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1428600 Photo by Paul Hebert.
• Nemoria arizonaria: Simpson et al. 2011
• UConn normal distribution 1914: Blakeslee 1914
• UConn normal distribution 1994: http://wi.mit.edu/news/archive/2019/genetic-study-takes-sex-differences-research-new-heights. Also see http://advance.uconn.edu/1999/990201/020199hs.htm

Lecture 7 (Feb. 7; Selection at a single locus)

• Gasterosteus aculeates: https://www.thejump.net/id/unarmored-threespine-stickleback.htm
• Barbara McClintock: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_McClintock
• Biston betularia on light background: Fig. 5.1 in Futuyma and Kirkpatrick 2017
• Biston betularia on dark background: Fig. 5.1 in Futuyma and Kirkpatrick 2017
• Society for the Study of Evolution logo: https://www.evolutionsociety.org

Lecture 8 (Feb. 14; Modeling evolution; molecular evolution)

• Boston metro map: https://cdn.mbta.com/sites/default/files/2022-12/2022-12-12-subway-map-v37f.pdf
• Boston satellite view: https://www.google.com/maps
• snapdragon red flowers: http://www.jardin-mundani.com/galeriafotosAB.htm
• snapdragon pink flowers: http://www.mytho-fleurs.com/images/vivaces/antirrhinum%20majus.JPG
• snapdragon white flowers: http://www.garden.org/subchannels/flowers/perennials?q=show&id=191&page=3
• Biston betularia icons modified from the log of the Society for the Study of Evolution: https://www.evolutionsociety.org
• albino corn: https://www.carolina.com/plant-genetics/genetic-corn-seed-green-albino/177130.pr
• Biston betularia on dark background: Fig. 5.1 in Futuyma and Kirkpatrick 2017

Lecture 9 (Feb. 16; Molecular evolution, sexual selection)

• Electron micrograph showing ribosomes: Fig. 5.18a in Graham, Graham, and Wilcox. 2006. Plant Biology 2nd ed. Pearson.
• COVID spike protein: https://github.com/emmahodcroft/covariants#sn501
• COVID spike protein (see also): https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2020/12/these-scientists-spent-twelve-years-solving-puzzle-yielded-coronavirus-vaccines/
• Northern elephant seals: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_elephant_seal
• Isopod alpha male guarding females: Fig. 10.10 in in Futuyma and Kirkpatrick 2017
• Red deer https://www.thesuffolkcoast.co.uk/articles/red-deer-are-ready-to-rut
• Stag beetles https://animalsandearth.com/featured/1-stag-beetle-fighting-switzerland-thomas-marent.html
• sphragis (“chastity plug”): https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/science/male-butterflies-deploy-chastity-belts/
• Damselfly barbed penis: Figure 10.11 in Futuyma and Kirkpatrick 2017
• Redback spider https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redback_spider
• Stickleback tapeworm resistance vs. redness: Fig. 10.16 in Futuyma and Kirkpatrick 2017
• Peacock: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Peacock_a_lovely_bird.jpg
• Stalk eyed fly: https://www.flickr.com/photos/30186714@N07/3229192078

Lecture 10 (Feb. 21; Multilevel selection and inclusive fitness)

• Chlamydomonas https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EMNFZnDt75c
• Volvox https://youtu.be/iza3RHaSZOg
• Elephant https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/Elephant_Diversity.jpg
• Brown alga (Fucus): photo by Paul O. Lewis, Red Point Beach, Gairloch, Scotland, May 2013
• Green plant (Cercis): photo by Paul O. Lewis, North Carolina, April 2006
• Fungus (Clavulinopsis): photo by Paul O. Lewis, Goodwin State Forest, Hampton CT, September 2006
• Figure 3.10 in Futuyma and Kirkpatrick 2017
• Tribolium castaneum https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_flour_beetle
• Populus_tremula https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Populus_tremula

Lecture 11 (Feb. 23; Inclusive fitness, relatedness, and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium)

• bee https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/beekeepers-seek-resistance-to-the-honeybees-most-fearsome-enemy/

Lecture 13 (Mar. 2; Using Fst, and migration-selection balance)

• coalescent plots created using this software: http://people.sc.fsu.edu/~pbeerli/popvizard.tar.gz (but this applet does something similar)
• Selection vs. drift simulations: Figure 7.13 in Futuyma and Kirkpatrick 2017s
• unstriped Timema cristinae walking stick insect on Ceanothus shrub: https://www.flickr.com/photos/treebeard/32878492873
• striped Timema cristinae walking stick insect on Adenostoma shrub: https://www.eurekalert.org/multimedia/pub/73348.php
• Timema cristinae walking stick next to ruler: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timema_cristinae
• selection as sieve analogy: Figure 3.14 in Futuyma and Kirkpatric 2017